Disruptive behavioral disorders (DBDs) refer to a group of disorders marked by persistent patterns of disruptive behavior that hinder a child’s ability to function effectively in their personal, academic and social life. For instance, a child exhibiting disruptive behavior, such as frequent temper tantrums or aggression towards family members, can cause strained family relationships. These behaviors can result in significant suffering for both the child as well as those who are around them like parents, teachers, caregivers, etc. Learning and being aware about the underlying reasons and circumstances that increase the likelihood of developing disruptive behavioral disorders is essential for promptly recognising, intervening and promoting a child’s optimal growth and well-being.
The exact cause of DBDs is unknown but it is likely a complex interplay of biological, psychological and social factors. Due to a significant genetic component, children having a parent with a DBD are 4 to 10 times more likely to develop one themselves (American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2023). Children diagnosed with DBDs may exhibit irregularities in the prefrontal cortex, a brain region involved for activities such as decision-making, impulse control and emotional regulation (Mcleod et al., 2019).
Let’s have a closer look at some of these potential contributors:
1. Psychological factors: Children diagnosed with DBDs may experience difficulties in regulating their emotions which can result in feelings of frustration and episodes of outbursts (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Consequently, individuals may experience challenges in social skills or problem-solving abilities, which might hinder their ability to manage disagreements. Moreover, latent anxiety or depression can show up as disruptive behavior.
2. Social factors: Environmental factors have a substantial impact on the development of DBDs. These factors include:
a. Family environment: Inconsistent enforcement of rules, authoritarian parenting practices or unstable family dynamics might contribute to disruptive behavior. On the other hand, a deficiency in parental attention or positive reinforcement can also pose a risk. Children who were subjected to frequent corporal punishment have a threefold higher likelihood of developing conduct disorder in comparison to children who were not subjected to it. Moreover, the absence of parental affection and constructive encouragement might also contribute to the likelihood of a negative response. Research suggests that children who grew up in loving homes characterized by explicit expectations and positive reinforcements are less prone to developing disruptive behavior (Chang et al., 2017).
b. Socioeconomic factors: Factors such as poverty, limited access to resources, and exposure to community violence might increase a child’s likelihood to develop disruptive behavior. Children residing in low-income neighborhoods characterized by elevated violence rates exhibit a higher propensity for developing disruptive behaviors when compared to their counterparts in affluent areas with lower crime rates (Chang et al., 2017), indicating that social factors that influence health have a substantial impact on a child's mental well-being. 3. Peer relationships: Challenges in forming friendships or instances of bullying can result in social isolation and frustration which can be expressed through disruptive behaviors. In social settings, peers play a significant role in shaping behavior and social norms. Children with disruptive behavior may be influenced by peers who exhibit similar behaviors or face peer pressure to conform to negative behaviors. This can further perpetuate disruptive behavior and hinder efforts to improve social relationships (Dishion et al., 2011).
Conclusion
Disruptive behavioral disorders provide significant challenges for both children affected by them and the individuals in their immediate environment. Nevertheless, being aware about the underlying causes and identifying the risk factors can provide parents, caregivers and mental health professionals with the knowledge and ability to create impactful interventions and some strong support systems. Timely recognition and a good strategy is crucial in helping children with DBDs and in creating effective coping strategies and excelling in all domains of life.
Curious about disruptive behaviors? Our podcast, Nuts & Bolts of Wellbeing, breaks it down in episodes 8 & 9. Tune in for tips and insights!
Comments